Characteristics
of Life


Growth - Reproduction - Irritability - Metabolism

Living things grow

  • Sometime in every organism's life
    • Even single-cell organisms
    • Involves conversion of materials from the environment into components of organism
    • May involve Mitosis

Living things reproduce

  • all living things come from other living things
  • living things make copies of themselves
  • to do so they pass on genes (sections of DNA molecules that contain instructions for organization & metabolism)

Living things respond (irritability)

  • organisms react in the presence of appropriate stimuli
    • physiologically
    • behaviorally

Living things metabolize

  • metabolism is the sum of all of the chemical and energy transformations that take place in an organism
  • such conversions are required if an organism is to maintain itself

Living things are organized

  • all living & non-living things are composed of chemicals - but all living things are heterogeneous - not homogeneous
  • All are composed of cells
    • Cells are the basic units of life
    • Cells are produced from other cells - cell theory
  • Cells work together to form increasingly higher levels of complexity
    • Cells  tissues  organs  systems  individuals  populations  communities  ecosystems  biosphere

Living things maintain internal environment

  • homeostasis - is the maintenance of internal conditions within certain boundaries

Living things evolve

  • evolution - change in chracteristics of organisms over time
  • results from mutation & natural selection
  • these result in adaptations - characteristics that increase the likelihood that organisms survive and reproduce
  • evolution from common ancestorunity of life
  • evolution of various adaptationsdiversity of life