Purpose:
To learn the parts and functions of the bones of
the skeletal system. To identify the bones on the
frog. To compare the skeletal system of the frog with
the human.
Remove all the muscle from one of
the rear legs. Identify the bones, and connective tissue
on the hind leg. Label the frog diagram below.
The
frog’s skeletal system consist of its framework of bones
and joints, to which nearly all the voluntary muscles
of the body are attached. The skeletal system
performs many functions which include:
1.
Support the body.
2.
Protect vital organs such as the heart.
3.
Move the body.
Divisions of the
skeletal system:
The frog skeletal system is divided
into two regions the axial skeletal system and the appendicular
system. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral
column, and sternum. The appendicular system consists
of the pectoral girdle, forelimbs, the pelvic girdle,
and the hind limbs. Most of the bones correspond to
those of the humans and bear identical names.
Use the Dissection
Works computer program to identify each structure
in the diagram below.
Comparison
Of the Frog and The human:
The axial and appendicular both make up a frog and
human's skeletal system. For a frog, the skeletal
system's main function is locomotion and maintaining
posture. Although the human and frog skeletal system
also protect vital organs the frog does not have any
ribs whereas a human does. The frog also has less
number of vertebrae, extended pelvic bones, and long
bones of the hind legs. The frog skeletal system has
l59 and the human has 206. The human's skeletal system
is a moveable frame and is an efficient factory for
producing red blood cells. The frog's skeletal system
also produces red blood cell and all their bones are
covered with a membrane called the periosteum from
which they get their circulation nerves.
Comparison of number
of bones in frog to number of bones in a human:
Frog / Man
|
| Skull: 33 / 22 |
Middle ear: 2 / 6 |
Hyoid: 1 / 1 |
Vertebrae: 9 / 26 |
| Urostyle: 1 / none |
Sternum: 1 / 1 |
Ribs: None / 24 |
Pectoral Girdle: 8 / 4 |
| Forelimbs: 46 / 6 |
Pelvic Girdle: 6 / 2 |
Hind limbs: 52 / 60 |
. |
|
Total Bones: 159 206 (152
in this comparison)
|
Analysis
Questions:
-
What are the primary functions
of the skeletal system for the frog? What other
function does the skeletal system do for humans?
- What is the difference between tendons, ligaments,
and cartilage?
- What are joints? Describe the four types of movable
joints.
Conclusion:
What did you learn about the skeletal system?
How do the frog and human systems compare? What structures
are similar? Different?
